| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Scottish inventions and discoveries ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Scottish inventions and discoveries
Scottish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques either partially or entirely invented or discovered by a person born in or descended from Scotland. In some cases, an invention's Scottishness is determined by the fact that it came into existence in Scotland (e.g., animal cloning), by non-Scots working in the country. Often, things that are discovered for the first time are also called "inventions" and in many cases there is no clear line between the two.
The Scots take enormous pride in the history of Scottish invention and discovery. There are many books devoted solely to the subject, as well as scores of websites listing Scottish inventions and discoveries with varying degrees of science.
Even before the Industrial Revolution, Scots have been at the forefront of innovation and discovery across a wide range of spheres. Some of the most significant products of Scottish ingenuity include James Watt's steam engine, improving on that of Thomas Newcomen,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC - History - James Watt )〕 the bicycle,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC - History - Kirkpatrick Macmillan )〕 macadamisation (not to be confused with tarmac or tarmacadam〔), the telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Scottish Science Hall of Fame - Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) )〕 John Logie Baird's invention of television,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC - History - John Logie Baird )〕〔(The World's First High Definition Colour Television System ). McLean, p. 196.〕 Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nobelprize.org: Sir Alexander Fleming - Biography )〕 and the discoveries of electromagnetics, radar,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Radar Personalities: Sir Robert Watson-Watt )〕 and insulin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nobelprize.org: John Macleod - Biography )〕
The following is a list of inventions or discoveries that are in some way Scottish.
==Road transport innovations==
* Macadamised roads (the basis for, but not specifically, tarmac): John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Encyclopædia Britannica: John Loudon Mcadam (British inventor) )〕
* The pedal bicycle: Attributed to both Kirkpatrick Macmillan (1813–1878)〔 and Thomas McCall (1834–1904)
* The pneumatic tyre: Robert William Thomson and John Boyd Dunlop (1822–1873)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Robert William Thomson, Scotland's forgotten inventor )〕
* The overhead valve engine: David Dunbar Buick (1854–1929)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Scottish inventions and discoveries」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|